Describe how hydro-energy can be converted into electrical energy.

The water from the high level in the dam is carried through pipes to the turbine, at the bottom of the dam. Moving turbine rotates the coils of the dynamo to produce electricity. Two limitations of hydro-energy: 

(i) Flowing water is not available at all places. 

(ii) Kinetic energy of flowing water can rotate a wheel or turn a turbine to produce electricity only when the water is available in sufficient quantity.

(i) High rise dams are constructed on the river to obstruct the flow of water to collect it at suitable height. The stored water has a lot of potential energy.

(ii) The water from a suitable height is allowed to fall on the blades of a turbine located at the bottom of a dam through a pipe.

(iii) Kinetic energy of flowing water rotates the turbine helping the armature coil of generator to rotate rapidly in the magnetic field. Thus hydroelectricity is generated.