Why were the years of 1830's of great hardship in Europe? Explain any five reasons.

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(i) The first half of the 19th century saw an enormous increase in population all over Europe.

(ii) Job-seekers were more and employment opportunities were less.

(iii) People from rural areas migrated to cities and made cities over-crowded slums.

 (iv) Small producers often faced stiff competition from imports of cheap machine-made goods.

(v) Peasants struggled under the burden of feudal dues and obligations.

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