Why synthetic detergents are preferred over soaps for use in washing machines ?

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Synthetic detergents are preferred for cleaning clothes. When soaps are dissolved in water containing calcium ions, these ions form insoluble salts that are of no further use. However, when synthetic detergents...

[Hint : They are non-ionic detergents. E.g.,Polyethylene glycol-stearate.]

[Hint : Detergents which cannot be degraded by nature. Biodegradable detergents can be prepared by minimazing the branching of the hydrocarbon chain, as unbranched chains can be biodegraded.]

[Hint : (i) C15H31COO-Na+ (ii) C17H33COO-Na+]

[Hint : (i) Those in which cationic part of the molecule is involved in cleansing action. E.g., cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide. (ii) Those in which anionic part of the molecule is involved...

(B) Sodium salt of benzene sulphonic acid Synthetic detergents are made from sodium salt of benezene sulphonic acid

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(i) Hard water contains calcium and magnesium salts. In hard water, soaps get precipitated as calcium and magnesium soaps which being insoluble stick to the clothes as gummy mass. (ii) Chloroxylenol...