Differentiate the following and give examples of each:
(a) Innate and acquired immunity
(b) Active and passive immunity
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a) Innate and acquired immunity
| Innate immunity | Acquired immunity |
|---|---|
| It is a non−pathogen specific type of defense mechanism. | It is a pathogen specific type of defense mechanism. |
| It is inherited from parents and protects the individual since birth. | It is acquired after the birth of an individual |
| It operates by providing barriers against the entry of foreign infectious agents. | It operates by producing primary and secondary responses, which are mediated by B−lymphocytes and Tlymphocytes. |
| It does not have a specific memory. |
It is characterized by an immunological memory. |
(b) Active and passive
| Active immuni | Passive immunity | |
| It is a type of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against diseasecausing antigens | It is a type of acquired immunity in which readymade antibodies are transferred from one individual to another. | |
|
It does not have long lasting effect. | |
| It is slow. It takes time in producing antibodies and giving responses. |
| |
| Injecting microbes through vaccination inside the body is an example of active immunity. | Transfer of antibodies present in the mother’s milk to the infant is an example of passive immunity |
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