Write the favourable factors for the formation of ionic bond.

An ionic bond is formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another. Hence, the formation of ionic bonds depends upon the ease with which neutral atoms can lose or gain electrons. Bond formation also depends upon the lattice energy of the compound formed. 

Hence, favourable factors for ionic bond formation are as follows: 

(i) Low ionization enthalpy of metal atom. 

(ii) High electron gain enthalpy (∆eg H) of a non-metal atom. 

(iii) High lattice energy of the compound formed. 

Factors which favour the formation of ionic bond:

(i) Low ionization energy: In the formation of ionic bond a metal atom loses electron to form cation. This process requires energy equal to the ionization energy. Lesser the value of ionization, greater will be the tendency of the atom to form cation.

(ii) High electron affinity. The value of electron affinity gives the tendency of an atom to form anion. Greater the value of electron affinity, more will be the tendency of an atom to form anion.

(iii) High lattice energy. The lattice energy should be high so that it overcomes the apparent deficit of energy of absorption, that is, sublimation energy, ionization energy, dissociation energy and second electron affinity. Higher the lattice energy, greater will be the ease of formation of the ionic compound.

The magnitude of lattice energy gives an idea about the interionic forces. It depends upon the following factors:

(a) Size of the ions: Smaller the size of the ions, lesser is the internuclear distance. Consequently, the interionic attractions will be high and the lattice energy will also be large.

(b) Charge of the ions: Larger the magnitude of charge on the ions, greater will be the attractive forces between the ions. Consequently, the lattice energy will be high.

Ionic bond is a type of chemical bond which involves the transfer of one or more electrons from one ion to another ions of opposite charges.The ion which gains an electron is called as anions, whereas the ion which has loose an electron is called as cation.Mostly the cations are metals & anions are non metal. For eg

Na + Cl → Na⁺ + Cl⁻ → NaCl

(i) Low ionization enthalpy of element forming cation.

(ii) More negative electron gain enthalpy of element forming anion.

(iii) High lattice enthalpy of the ionic compound formed.

1. Low ionisation enthalpy of metal atoms.

2. High electron gain enthalpy of non-metal atoms.

3. High lattice enthalpy of compound formed.