3 Answers
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Mitosis |
Meiosis | ||
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1. |
In mitotic division, a single division results in two daughter cells. |
1. |
Meiotic division involves two successive divisions – meiosis I and meiosis II. These divisions result in four daughter cells. |
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2. |
Mitosis is known as equational division. This is because the daughter cells have the same diploid number of chromosomes as the parent. |
2. |
Meiosis I is known as reductional division. This is because the chromosome number is reduced to half. Meiosis II is known as equational division. This is because the sister chromatids separate and the chromosome number remains the same. |
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3. |
Prophase is short and does not comprise any phase. |
3. |
Prophase I is very long and comprises 5 phases –leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis. |
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4. |
There is no pairing of chromosomes, crossing-over, or chiasmata-formation during prophase. |
4. |
In the zygotene stage of prophase, the pairing of chromosomes occurs. During pachytene, the crossing-over occurs. The chiasmata are formed in the diplotene stage. |
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5. |
Synaptonemal complex is not formed. |
5. |
Synaptonemal complex is formed during the zygotene stage of prophase I. |
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6. |
Anaphase involves the separation of the chromatids of each chromosome. |
6. |
During anaphase I, the homologous chromosomes separate, while the chromatids remain attached at their centromeres. During anaphase II, the chromatids separate as a result of the splitting of the centromere. |
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7. |
Mitosis plays a significant role in the healing, repair, and growth of a cell. |
7. |
Meiosis brings about variation and maintains the chromosome number from generation to generation. |
| Difference between mitosis and meiosis | |
| Mitosis | Meiosis |
| This type of division takes place in somatic cells. | This type of division takes place in gametic cells. |
| Two daughter cells are formed. | Four daughter cells are formed. |
| No. of chromosomes remains diploid in daughter cell. | Number of chromosomes becomes haploid in daughter cells. |
| Mitosis is necessary for growth and repair. | Meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction. |
| Crossing over does not take place. | Crossing over takes place. |
| Mitosis | Meiosis |
| (a) Mitosis consists of a single division. | (a) Meiosis is a two phase division. |
| (b) Mitosis is an equational division. Daughter cell has same number of chromosome as that of parent cell. | (b) The chromosome number in daughter cell is reduced to half of that in parent cell. |
| (c) Mitosis results in growth. | (c) Meiosis results in reproduction. |
| (d) Mitosis results in two daughter cells. | (d) Meiosis results in four daughter cell. |
| (e) The daughter cells are similar to that of a parent | (e) The daughter cells vary from their parent cell |
| (f) Mitosis occur continuously in somatic cells. | (f) Meiosis occurs in germ cells during garnet genesis. |
| (g) Mitosis is a simple division | (g) Meiosis is a complex division. |