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In data visualization, an Andrews plot or Andrews curve is a way to visualize structure in high-dimensional data. It is basically a rolled-down, non-integer version of the Kent–Kiviat radar m chart, or a smoothed version of a parallel coordinate plot. It is named after the statistician David F. Andrews.
A value x {\displaystyle x} is a high-dimensional datapoint if it is an element of R d {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{d}}. We can represent high-dimensional data with a number for each of their dimensions, x = { x 1 , x 2 , … , x d } {\displaystyle x=\left\{x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{d}\right\}}. To visualize them, the Andrews plot defines a finite Fourier series:
This function is then plotted for − π < t < π {\displaystyle -\pi If there is structure in the data, it may be visible in the Andrews curves of the data.