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In statistics, an exchangeable sequence of random variables is a sequence X1, X2, X3, ... whose joint probability distribution does not change when the positions in the sequence in which finitely many of them appear are altered. Thus, for example the sequences
both have the same joint probability distribution.
It is closely related to the use of independent and identically distributed random variables in statistical models. Exchangeable sequences of random variables arise in cases of simple random sampling.
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