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In molecular biology, the EF1 guanine nucleotide exchange domain is a protein domain found in the beta and delta chains of elongation factors from eukaryotes and archaea.
Elongation factor EF1B is a nucleotide exchange factor that is required to regenerate EF1A from its inactive form to its active form. EF1A is then ready to interact with a new aminoacyl-tRNA to begin the cycle again. EF1B is more complex in eukaryotes than in bacteria, and can consist of three subunits: EF1B-alpha , EF1B-gamma and EF1B-beta.
The EF1 guanine nucleotide exchange domain is found in the beta and delta chains of EF1B proteins from eukaryotes and archaea. The beta and delta chains have exchange activity, which mainly resides in their homologous guanine nucleotide exchange domains, found in the C-terminal region of the peptides. Their N-terminal regions may be involved in interactions with the gamma chain.