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In transplantation medicine, the Milan criteria are set of criteria applied in consideration of patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma for liver transplantation with intent to cure their disease. Their significance derives from a landmark 1996 study in 48 patients by Mazzaferro et al which showed that selecting cases for transplantation according to specific strict criteria led to improved overall and disease-free survival at a four-year time point. These same criteria have since been adopted by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network in the evaluation of patients for potential transplantation.The threshold Milan criteria are as follows:
Under current OPTN/ONUS guidelines, patients with cirrhosis and HCC who meet these criteria may be considered for transplantation. Depending on the treatment algorithm, additional factors such as advanced liver disease or evidence of portal hypertension may also affect suitability for transplantation.