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In chess, the Muzio Gambit, sometimes called the Polerio Gambit, is an opening line in the King's Gambit in which White sacrifices a knight for a large lead in development and attacking chances. It begins with the moves:
White offers a knight, aiming to exploit Black's weakness on the f-file to attack the black king. Other possibilities for White's 5th move are 5.Bxf7+ , 5.Nc3 , 5.d4 , 5.h4 , and 5.Ne5 , but 5.0-0! is generally reckoned to be White's strongest option, and in fact 4.Bc4 is usually played with the intention of playing a Muzio. Black can avoid the Muzio with 4...Bg7, and this has sometimes been recommended as a safe and practical over the board choice.
The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings classifies the Muzio Gambit under code C37.