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An electric dipole transition is the dominant effect of an interaction of an electron in an atom with the electromagnetic field.
Following reference, consider an electron in an atom with quantum Hamiltonian H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} , interacting with a plane electromagnetic wave
Write the Hamiltonian of the electron in this electromagnetic field as
Treating this system by means of time-dependent perturbation theory, one finds that the most likely transitions of the electron from one state to the other occur due to the summand of W {\displaystyle W} written as
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