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In music theory, the half-diminished seventh chord is a seventh chord composed of a root note, together with a minor third, a diminished fifth, and a minor seventh. For example, the half-diminished seventh chord built on C, commonly written as Cm7, or C, has pitches C–E♭–G♭–B♭:
It can be represented by the integer notation {0, 3, 6, 10}.
The half-diminished seventh chord exists in root position and in three inversions. Note that the first inversion shares identity with a chord on the minor sixth:
In diatonic harmony, the half-diminished seventh chord occurs naturally on the seventh scale degree of any major scale and is thus a leading-tone seventh chord in the major mode. Similarly, the chord also occurs on the second degree of any natural minor scale. It has been described as a "considerable instability".