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The zero-fuel weight of an aircraft is the total weight of the airplane and all its contents, minus the total weight of the usable fuel on board. Unusable fuel is included in ZFW.
For example, if an aircraft is flying at a weight of 5,000 kg and the weight of fuel on board is 500 kg, the ZFW is 4,500 kg. Some time later, after 100 kg of fuel has been used, the total weight of the airplane is 4,900 kg, the weight of fuel is 400 kg, and the ZFW is unchanged at 4,500 kg.
As a flight progresses and fuel is consumed, the total weight of the airplane reduces, but the ZFW remains constant.
For many types of airplane, the airworthiness limitations include a maximum zero fuel weight.
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