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The Toubou, or Tubu , are a Saharan ethnic group inhabiting northern Chad, southern Libya, northeastern Niger and northwestern Sudan. They live either as herders and nomads or as farmers near oases. Their society is clan-based, with each clan having certain oases, pastures and wells.
The Toubou are generally divided into two closely related groups: the Teda and the Dazagara. They are believed to share a common origin and speak the Tebu languages, which are from the Saharan branch of the Nilo-Saharan language family. Tebu is divided further into two closely related languages, called Tedaga and Dazaga.
The Teda of the Toubou live in the far north of Chad, around the borders of Libya and Niger and the Tibesti Mountains. people are found in northern Chad and part of eastern Niger and northwestern Sudan. Of the two groups, found to the south of the Teda, are more numerous with a population of 358,000, while the Teda number only 47,000.
The Toubou people are also referred to as the Tabu, Tebu, Tebou, Tibu, Tibbu, Toda, Todga, Todaga, Tubu, Tuda, Tudaga, and Umbararo people. The Dazaga are sometimes referred to as Gouran , an Arabian exonym. Many of Chad's leaders have been Toubou , including presidents Goukouni Oueddei and Hissène Habré.