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In telecommunication, an equivalent noise resistance is a quantitative representation in resistance units of the spectral density of a noise-voltage generator, given by R n = π W n k T 0 {\displaystyle R_{n}={\frac {\pi W_{n}}{kT_{0}}}} where W n {\displaystyle W_{n}} is the spectral density, k {\displaystyle k} is the Boltzmann constant, T 0 {\displaystyle T_{0}} is the standard noise temperature , so k T 0 = 4.00 × 10 − 21 {\displaystyle kT_{0}=4.00\times 10^{-21}\,}.