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DNA-SCARS are nuclear substructures with persistent DNA damage and DNA damage response proteins found in senescent cells. DNA-SCARS are associated with PML nuclear bodies and the accumulation of activated ATM, ATR, CHK2 and p53 proteins. DNA-SCARS lack most of the characteristics of transient, reversible DNA damage foci, such as single-stranded DNA, active DNA synthesis, and DNA repair proteins RPA and RAD51. Telomere dysfunction-induced foci are generally associated with DNA-SCARS.
Together with senescence-associated heterochromatin foci , DNA-SCARS are one of the most prevalent nuclear markers of cellular senescence.
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