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A black dwarf is a theoretical stellar remnant, specifically a white dwarf that has cooled sufficiently to no longer emit significant heat or light. Because the time required for a white dwarf to reach this state is calculated to be longer than the current age of the universe , no black dwarfs are expected to exist in the universe so far. The temperature of the coolest white dwarfs is one observational limit on the universe's age.
The name "black dwarf" has also been applied to hypothetical late-stage cooled brown dwarfs – substellar objects with insufficient mass to maintain hydrogen-burning nuclear fusion.
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