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Since most of the region is far from the sea, and has high altitude, it has a harsh continental climate with long winters and short summers. During the winter, it is very cold and snowy, during summer the weather is cool in the highlands and warm in the lowlands.
The region's annual temperature difference is the highest in Turkey. Some areas in the region have different microclimates. As an example, Iğdır has a milder climate.
The region contains 11% percent of the total forested area of Turkey, and it is rich in native plants and animals. Oak and yellow pine trees form the majority of the forests.
The region has high potential for hydroelectric power.
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