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In a right-to-left, top-to-bottom script , writing starts from the right of the page and continues to the left, proceeding from top to bottom for new lines. Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, Pashto, Urdu, Kashmiri and Sindhi are the most widespread R2L writing systems in modern times.
Right-to-left can also refer to top-to-bottom, right-to-left scripts of tradition, such as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, though in modern times they are also commonly written left to right. Books designed for predominantly vertical TBRL text open in the same direction as those for RTL horizontal text: the spine is on the right and pages are numbered from right to left.
These scripts can be contrasted with many common modern left-to-right writing systems, where writing starts from the left of the page and continues to the right.