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Quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively charged polyatomic ions of the structure NR4, R being an alkyl group or an aryl group. Unlike the ammonium ion and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution. Quaternary ammonium salts or quaternary ammonium compounds are salts of quaternary ammonium cations. Polyquats are a variety of engineered polymer forms which provide multiple quat molecules within a larger molecule.
Quats are used in consumer applications including as antimicrobials , fabric softeners, and hair conditioners. As an antimicrobial, they are able to inactivate enveloped viruses. Quats tend to be gentler on surfaces than bleach-based disinfectants, and are generally fabric-safe.