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There have been several claims for the longest sentence in the English language revolving around the longest printed sentence, although one linguistics textbook concludes that, in theory, "there is no longest English sentence."
A sentence can be made arbitrarily long by successive iterations, such as "Someone thinks that someone thinks that someone thinks that...," or by combining shorter clauses in various ways.
For example, sentences can be extended by recursively embedding clauses one into another, such as
The ability to embed structures within larger ones is called recursion. This also highlights the difference between linguistic performance and linguistic competence, because the language can support more variation than can reasonably be created or recorded.