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In physics and engineering, the Fourier number or Fourier modulus, named after Joseph Fourier, is a dimensionless number that characterizes transient heat conduction. Conceptually, it is the ratio of diffusive or conductive transport rate to the quantity storage rate, where the quantity may be either heat or matter. The number derives from non-dimensionalization of the heat equation or Fick's second law and is used along with the Biot number to analyze time dependent transport phenomena.
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