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In hydrogeology, groundwater flow is defined as the "part of streamflow that has infiltrated the ground, entered the phreatic zone, and has been discharged into a stream channel or springs; and seepage water." It is governed by the groundwater flow equation.Groundwater is water that is found underground in cracks and spaces in the soil, sand and rocks. Where water has filled these spaces is the phreatic saturated zone. Groundwater is stored in and moves slowly through layers or zones of soil, sand and rocks: aquifers. The rate of groundwater flow depends on the permeability and the hydraulic head.
In polar regions groundwater flow may be obstructed by permafrost.
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