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In the field of solid mechanics, torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque. Torsion is expressed in either the pascal , an SI unit for newtons per square metre, or in pounds per square inch while torque is expressed in newton metres or foot-pound force. In sections perpendicular to the torque axis, the resultant shear stress in this section is perpendicular to the radius.
In non-circular cross-sections, twisting is accompanied by a distortion called warping, in which transverse sections do not remain plane. For shafts of uniform cross-section unrestrained against warping, the torsion is:
where:
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