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Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring or intraoperative neuromonitoring is the use of electrophysiological methods such as electroencephalography , electromyography , and evoked potentials to monitor the functional integrity of certain neural structures during surgery. The purpose of IONM is to reduce the risk to the patient of iatrogenic damage to the nervous system, and/or to provide functional guidance to the surgeon and anesthesiologist.
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