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Verbal fluency tests are a kind of psychological test in which participants have to produce as many words as possible from a category in a given time. This category can be semantic, including objects such as animals or fruits, or phonemic, including words beginning with a specified letter, such as p, for example.The semantic fluency test is sometimes described as the category fluency test or simply as "freelisting", while letter fluency is also referred to as phonemic test fluency. The COWAT is the most employed phonemic variant. Although the most common performance measure is the total number of words, other analyses such as number of repetitions, number and length of clusters of words from the same semantic or phonemic subcategory, or number of switches to other categories can be carried out.
Furthermore, by means of curve fitting, temporal clusters, switches, and the initial slope can be determined. Whereas the total number of words and the initial slope indicate the global structure, clusters and switches evaluate the performance’s local structure.