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Dimethyl fumarate is the methyl ester of fumaric acid and is named after the earth smoke plant. Dimethyl fumarate combined with three other fumaric acid esters is solely licensed in Germany as an oral therapy for psoriasis. Since 2013, it has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a treatment option for adults with relapsing multiple sclerosis. In 2017, a new oral formulation of dimethyl fumarate was approved by the European Medicines Agency for use in the European Union as a treatment for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Dimethyl fumarate is thought to have immunomodulatory properties without causing significant immunosuppression.
Dimethyl fumarate has also been applied as a biocide in furniture or shoes to prevent growths of mold during storage or transport in a humid climates. However, due to cases of allergic reactions after skin contact, dimethyl fumarate-containing consumer products are no longer authorised to be manufactured or imported in the European Union. Dimethyl fumarate is approved as a generic medication in the United States as of 2020.