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Excessive alcohol intake is associated with an elevated risk of alcoholic liver disease , heart failure, some cancers, and accidental injury, and is a leading cause of preventable death in industrialized countries. There is controversy about studies that showed beneficial effects of alcohol consumption.
Some Epidemiological and short term experimental studies have shown drinkers who consume one to two drinks per drinking day have a beneficial association with ischemic heart disease compared to never-drinkers. Furthermore, regular consumption of light to moderate dose of alcoholic beverages has been associated with reduced incidence of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in cardiovascular patients. However, cardiovascular patients who do not regularly consume alcohol are not encouraged to start drinking due to lack of controlled intervention studies and evidence.