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Human alphaherpesvirus 3 , referred typically as varicella-zoster virus , is one of nine known herpes viruses infecting humans. It causes chickenpox commonly affecting children and young adults, and shingles in adults but rarely in children. VZV infections are species-specific to humans, but can survive in external environments for a few hours.
VZV multiplies in the lungs, and causes a wide variety of symptoms. After the primary infection , the virus lies dormant in the nerves, including the cranial nerve ganglia, dorsal root ganglia, and autonomic ganglia. Many years after the person has recovered from chickenpox, VZV can reactivate to cause neurological conditions.
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