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Cortical visual impairment is a form of visual impairment that is caused by a brain problem rather than an eye problem. Some people have both CVI and a form of ocular visual impairment.
CVI is also sometimes known as cortical blindness, although most people with CVI are not totally blind. The term neurological visual impairment covers both CVI and total cortical blindness. Delayed visual maturation, another form of NVI, is similar to CVI, except the child's visual difficulties resolve in a few months. Though the vision of a person with CVI may change, it rarely if ever becomes totally normal.
The major causes of CVI are as follows: asphyxia, hypoxia , or ischemia , all of which may occur during the birth process; developmental brain defects; head injury; hydrocephalus ; a stroke involving the occipital lobe; and infections of the central nervous system, such as meningitis and encephalitis.