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To date, at least 25 different genes have been implicated in causing gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency conditions such as Kallmann syndrome or other forms of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism through a disruption in the production or activity of GnRH. These genes involved cover all forms of inheritance, and no one gene defect has been shown to be common to all cases, which makes genetic testing and inheritance prediction difficult.

The number of genes known to cause cases of KS/CHH is still increasing. In addition, it is thought that some cases of KS/CHH are caused by two separate gene defects occurring at the same time.

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