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Recombinant subunit vaccines are biological preparations that are composed of microbial subunits produced using recombinant DNA technology. They act to provide active acquired immunity to infectious diseases. The first recombinant subunit vaccine was produced in the mid-1980s to protect people from Hepatitis B. Notable recombinant subunit vaccines licensed include ENGERIX-B , GARDASIL-9 , FLUBLOK, SHINGRIX and NUVAXOVID.
After injection, antigens trigger the production of antigen-specific antibodies, which are responsible for recognising and neutralising foreign substances. Basic components of recombinant subunit vaccines include recombinant subunits, adjuvants and carriers. Additionally, recombinant subunit vaccines are popular candidates for the development of vaccines against infectious diseases
Recombinant subunit vaccines are considered to be safe for injection. The chances of adverse effects vary depending on the specific type of vaccine being administered. Minor side effects include injection site pain, fever, and fatigue, and serious adverse effects consist of anaphylaxis and potentially fatal allergic reaction. The contraindications are also vaccine-specific; they are generally not recommended for people with the previous history of anaphylaxis to any component of the vaccines. Advice from medical professionals should be sought before receiving any vaccination.