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Sodium phenylbutyrate is a salt of an aromatic fatty acid, 4-phenylbutyrate or 4-phenylbutyric acid. The compound is used to treat urea cycle disorders, because its metabolites offer an alternative pathway to the urea cycle to allow excretion of excess nitrogen. It is an orphan drug, marketed by Ucyclyd Pharma under the trade name Buphenyl, by Swedish Orphan International as Ammonaps, by Fyrlklövern Scandinavia as triButyrate and by Scandinavian Formulas, Inc..
Sodium phenylbutyrate is also a histone deacetylase inhibitor and chemical chaperone, leading respectively to research into its use as an anti-cancer agent and in protein misfolding diseases such as cystic fibrosis.
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