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Selective inhibitors of nuclear export are drugs that block exportin 1 , a protein involved in transport from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm. This causes cell cycle arrest and cell death by apoptosis. Thus, SINE compounds are of interest as anticancer drugs; several are in development, and one has been approved for treatment of multiple myeloma as a drug of last resort.
The prototypical nuclear export inhibitor is leptomycin B, a natural product and secondary metabolite of Streptomyces bacteria. Although it is nonselective and too toxic for clinical use in humans, the discovery of its mechanism of action and antitumor properties prompted development of the SINE compounds.
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