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Irlen Spectral Filters or Irlen Lenses, are coloured overlay filters or tinted lenses crafted specifically for the wearer and worn as glasses or contact lenses. They are intended to help people with the supposed perceptual processing difficulty known as Irlen Syndrome, also known as Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome or visual stress. For individuals who have Irlen Syndrome, the brain is sensitive to specific wavelengths of light, resulting in difficulties with print clarity and stability and discomfort when performing visually intensive activities such as reading. Irlen Syndrome affects approximately 50 percent of individuals with reading difficulties and dyslexia, 33 percent of those with attention difficulties such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, 33 percent with autism, up to 50 percent of those who have a traumatic brain injury, whiplash or concussion, and approximately 12-14 percent of the general population. Standardised diagnostic procedures have been developed to individualise the colour selection. Some specialists call the syndrome and the treatment controversial, because it is based on insufficient research. Current research on the topic includes placebo controls, longitudinal studies, and brain mapping technology, all of which support the use of colour to alleviate the symptoms associated with Irlen Syndrome.