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Locomotive syndrome is a medical condition of decreased mobility due to disorders of the locomotor system. The locomotor system comprises bones, joints, muscles and nerves. It is a concept put forward by three professional medical societies in Japan: the Japanese Society for Musculoskeletal Medicine, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association, and the Japanese Clinical Orthopaedic Association. Locomotive syndrome is generally found in the ageing population as locomotor functions deteriorate with age. Symptoms of locomotive syndrome include limitations in joint mobility, pain, balance disorder, malalignment and gait abnormality. Locomotive syndrome is commonly caused by chronic locomotive organ diseases. Diagnosis and assessment of locomotive syndrome is done using several tests such as the stand-up and two-step tests. The risk of having locomotive syndrome can be decreased via adequate nutrition, attainment of an exercise habit and being active.