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Option 2 : Only (i) and (iv)

Gabriel Almond's political system evolved in three stages.

  • Almond argues that the "system is an inclusive concept which covers all of the patterned actions relevant to the making decisions."
  • For him, System meant wholeness, interactions among units inside the totality, and stability in these interactions, which he called changing equilibrium. 
  • He established the concept of political culture which is embedded in a specific pattern of political action orientations.
  • The state and its legal apparatus were replaced by the concept of a political system.
  • The structure replaced institutions, and power was replaced by roles.
  • According to Almond, all political systems have four characteristics:
    • All political systems have structures.
    • The same political functions are performed in all political systems.
    • All political structures are multifunctional.
    • AlI political systems are mixed in the cultural sense.

Thus, Statement I and Statement IV are correct with regard to Almond's characterisation of the political system. 

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