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Option 3 : tetanus
CONCEPT:-
- cord clamping is done by two Kocher’s forceps and it is placed 5 cm away from the umbilicus and is cut in between.
- About 80–100 mL of blood is transferred from the compressed placenta to a baby if cord clamping gets delayed even by 2 to 3 minutes or till the cessation of cord pulse.
- cord clamping is done after 1–2 minutes of birth. Early clamping reduces the need for phototherapy due to hyperbilirubinemia.
EXPLANATION:-
- Tetanus Neonatorum:-
- tetanus neonatorum is caused by Clostridium tetani if the umbilical cord is contaminated during unsanitary delivery or lack of maternal immunization.
- 5–15 days after birth, the baby shows the symptoms.
- The striking symptoms are
- Inability to suck associated with marked trismus ( spasm of jaw muscles ),
- followed by the rigidity of the body with Opisthotonus ( spasm of muscles causing backward arching of head, neck, and spine ),
- pyrexia,
- convulsions.
- Prevention:-
- Immunization of the mother during pregnancy with tetanus toxoid.
- Antitetanus serum IM soon after birth if baby borns in unhygienic conditions- dose = 1500 IU
- Hepatitis in the newborn:-
- Inflammation of the liver occurs in infants is Neonatal hepatitis
- It can refer to various types of liver disease that afflict babies between one and two months after birth.
- According to WHO, the types of hepatitis are:-Hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E.
- Neonatal anemia:-
- At birth, normal hemoglobin (central venous) values in infants > 34 weeks gestation are 14–20 g/ dL with an average value of 17 g/ dL.
- Central venous hemoglobin level < 13 g/ dL in an infant of > 34 weeks gestation is considered anemia.
- Neonatal conjunctivitis:-
- Conjunctivitis is also known as ophthalmia neonatorum and is defined as inflammation of the conjunctiva during the first month of life.
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