Due to pressure in the pelvic vein, which sign is usually found in pregnancy?

Option 2 : Varicose Vein

EXPLANATION:-

• Varicose veins:
  • ​Varicose veins in the legs and vulva (varicosities) or rectum (hemorrhoids) may appear for the first time or aggravate during pregnancy, usually in the later months.
  • It is due to obstruction in the venous return by the pregnant uterus.
  • uterus applies pressure to the large vein ( inferior vena cava ) which carries the backflow of blood from legs to the heart.
  • due to raised progesterone level causing walls of vein to relax.
  • due to progestin hormone which  can make the veins more dilated or open
  • the veins become large, weak, and twisted.
  • multiple pregnancies

• MINOR AILMENTS IN PREGNANCY

• Backache:

  • Physiological changes that contribute to backache are joint ligament laxity (relaxin, estrogen), weight gain, hyperlordosis, and an anterior tilt of the pelvis.
  • Other factors may be faulty posture and high heel shoes, muscular spasms, urinary infection, or constipation.
  • Excessive weight gain should be avoided.
  • Rest with an elevation of the legs, Improvement of posture, and a well-fitted pelvic girdle belt that corrects the lumbar lordosis during walking.
  • Massaging the back muscles, analgesics and rest relieves the pain due to muscle spasms.
• Nausea and vomiting: Nausea and vomiting especially in the morning, soon after getting out of bed, are usually common in primigravidae. They usually appear following the first or second missed period and subside by the end of the first trimester.
• Behaviour modification: To avoid personal triggering factors. The woman can identify herself, with this factor. Initial supplementation with vitamin B1 and B6 is started.
• Constipation: Constipation is a quite common ailment during pregnancy. Atonicity of the gut due to the effect of progesterone diminished physical activity and pressure of the gravid uterus on the pelvic colon are the possible explanations.
• Leg cramps: It may be due to deficiency of diffusible serum calcium or elevation of serum phosphorus. Supplementary calcium therapy in tablet or syrup after the principal meals may be effective.
• Acidity and heartburn: Heartburn is common in pregnancy due to the relaxation of the esophageal sphincter.
• Haemorrhoids: They may cause annoying complications like bleeding or may get prolapsed.
• Carpal tunnel syndrome: It occurs in 10 % of women. The woman presents with pain and numbness in the thumb, index, and middle finger. There is weakness in the muscles for thumb movements. This is due to the compression effect on the median nerve.
• Round ligament pain: Stretching of the round ligaments during movements in pregnancy may cause sharp pain in the groins. This pain may be unilateral or bilateral. It is usually felt in the second trimester onwards.
• Ptyalism: Increased secretion of saliva is observed during pregnancy. It may be associated with increased intake of starch, though the actual cause is not known.
• Syncope: It is often seen in a woman following prolonged standing or standing upright abruptly. This is due to the pooling of blood in the veins of the lower extremities. There is the effect of compression of the pelvic veins by the gravid uterus also.
• Ankle edema: Excessive fluid retention as evidenced by a marked gain in weight or evidence of preeclampsia has to be excluded.
• Vaginal discharge: Assurance to the patient and advice for local cleanliness are all that are required.
• other symptoms include supine hypotension syndrome, pica, dyspnea, breathlessness, nasal stuffiness, sleep disturbances, fainting, carpal tunnel syndrome, and  frequency of urination