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Option 2 : Areopagitica : 1647
The correct answer is Areopagitica: 1647.
- Areopagitica; A speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc'd Printing, to the Parlament of England is a prose polemic by the English poet John Milton opposing licensing and censorship.
- It was published on 23 November 1644 at the height of the English Civil War.
- Many scholars argue that it is a reference to the defense that St Paul made before the Areopagus in Athens against charges of promoting foreign gods and strange teachings, as recorded in Acts 17:18–34.
- In April 1638, political agitator John Lilburne was arrested for importing subversive books. He was fined £500 and flogged publicly. Milton wrote his pamphlet as a protest against Lilburne’s treatment.
- Areopagitica is Milton's impassioned philosophical defence of the principle of a right to freedom of speech and expression, which was published in 1644.
Therefore, Option 2 is the correct answer.
- The issue of censorship was personal for Milton, as he had suffered censorship himself in his efforts to publish several tracts defending divorce.
- In Areopagitica, he argued forcefully against Parliament's 1643 Ordinance for the Regulating of Printing, also known as the Licensing Order of 1643, in which Parliament required authors to have a license approved by the government before their work could be published.
- Lycidas is a pastoral elegy by Milton, dedicated to his friend Edward King. It was written in 1637 and published in a 1638 collection of elegies, Justa Edouardo King Naufrago.
- Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse about a theological subject. The first version of the poem, consisting of ten books, was published in 1667.
- The political essay Of Education represents John Milton's most comprehensive statement on educational reform. It was published in 1644, first appearing anonymously as a single eight-page quarto sheet.
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