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  1. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) - Protein production; in particular for export out of the cell
  2. Lysosomes - Suicidal bag
  3. Nucleus - DNA Storage
  4. Mitochondrion - Energy production
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Option 1 : Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) - Protein production; in particular for export out of the cell

The Correct Answer is Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) - Protein production; in particular for export out of the cell.

  • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) - 
    • ​SER is a membrane-bound network of tubules without surface ribosomes.
    • SER is not involved in protein synthesis.
    • Its main function is the synthesis of lipids, steroids, and carbohydrates, as well as the metabolism of exogenous substances, such as drugs or toxins.
  • Lysosomes:
    • These are membrane-bound vesicular structures formed by the process of packaging in the Golgi apparatus.
    • These are also called ''Suicidal bags'' because of their phagocytic activity. Lysosome keeps the cell clean by digesting any foreign material as well as worn-out cell organelles.
    •  If any cell or cell organelle gets damaged, the lysosome digest the damaged cell or cell organelle by the application of hydrolytic enzymes (hydrolases – lipases, proteases, carbohydrates)
  • Mitochondria:
    • Mitochondria are called the ''Powerhouse of the cell'' because ATP is synthesized in the inner mitochondrial membrane by the action of the enzyme ATP synthase.
  • Nucleus :
    • The nucleus is a pivotal organelle responsible to regulate almost all forms of cellular activities.
    • It contains the cell’s hereditary information and controls the cell’s growth and reproduction.
    • The nucleus has been clearly explained as a membrane-bound structure that comprises the genetic material of a cell.
    • It is not just a storage compartment for DNA but also happens to be the home of some important cellular processes.
    • First and foremost, it is possible to duplicate one’s DNA in the nucleus. This process has been named DNA Replication and produces an identical copy of the DNA.
    • Secondly, the nucleus is the site of transcription. Transcription creates different types of RNA from DNA. Transcription would be a lot like creating copies of individual pages of the human body’s instructions which may be moved out and read by the rest of the cell.
    • The central rule of biology states that DNA is copied into RNA, and then proteins.
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