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Option 3 : Thermal expansion
The correct answer is Thermal expansion.
- Thermal expansion is NOT a chemical weathering process.
- Thermal expansion, which typically excludes phase transitions, is the tendency of matter to change its shape, area, volume, and density in response to a change in temperature.
- The average molecular kinetic energy of a substance has a monotonic relationship with temperature. When something is heated, the molecules start to move and vibrate more, usually putting more space between them.
- Rarely, and only within certain temperature ranges, do substances contract as the temperature rises (see examples below).
- Weathering by Chemical Rocks and soil undergoes chemical weathering, which modifies their molecular composition.
- For instance, a process known as carbonation occurs occasionally when water and carbon dioxide from the air or soil combine.
- This generates carbonic acid, a weak acid that can dissolve rock. Limestone can be easily dissolved by carbonic acid.
- Carbonation
- Carbonation is the process by which carbon dioxide is chemically transformed into carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid.
- Hydration
- A material that contains water or its component parts is referred to as a hydrate in chemistry.
- Oxidation
- A molecule, atom, or ion undergoes oxidation when it loses electrons as a result of a process.
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