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Option 4 : A pair of balanced forces is acting on it.
Concept:
Force:
- A force is something that changes the state of rest or motion of a body.
- The Force of friction always opposes the motion of objects.
- The Force is a vector quantity.
- Its SI unit is Kgms-1. It is also known as Newton.
First Law of the Motion:
- It states that an object continues to be in a state of rest or of uniform motion along a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
- Newton's First Law is also known as Inertia.
- The natural tendency of objects to resist a change in their state of rest or of uniform motion is called Inertia.
Second Law of the motion:
- It states that the rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the applied unbalanced force in the direction of the force.
- Mathematically, F = m × a
Second Law of the motion:
- It states that to every action, there are equal and opposite reactions and they act on two different bodies.
- These forces are called action-reaction forces.
Explanation:
According to Newton's third law of motion,
To every action, there are equal and opposite reactions.
- When two bodies A and B exert force on each other, the force by A and B is equal and opposite to the force by B and A.
- Mathematically, we can say, FAB = - FBA
- When the book is kept on the table, the book attracts the earth is an action force whereas the earth attracts the book is a reaction force.
- The table is just forming the contact force because it is in between the earth and the book.
- Here, the earth and the book are forming action-reaction pairs but not the table and book.
- So, the action and reaction forces act on the book lying at rest on the table.
Thus from the above discussion, it is clear that a pair of balanced forces are acting on it.
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