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Option 2 : Congruence
"Communication is the sum of all the things one person does when he wants to create understanding in the mind of another. It involves a systematic and continuous process of telling, listening, and understanding".
Congruent communication can be defined as-
- a style of speaking that does not attack others but remained harmonious with the feelings being experienced
- addresses the situations rather than the student’s character or personality.
- Haim Ginott, a psychology professor and former elementary school teacher, established the congruent communication theory.
- His congruent communication paradigm minimizes confrontation by attempting to validate others' sentiments. Ginott's theory is founded on the idea that the instructor's actions and words create the tone for learning in the classroom. The theory is based on humanistic psychology principles that emphasize acceptance and validation as necessary for healthy self-esteem.
- Students must feel accepted and respected in the classroom, according to Ginott's method, for effective or consistent communication to occur.
- People sometimes say things that are in direct opposition to their nonverbal communication clues.
- As a result, the listener is left wondering why the individual didn't state exactly what he or she meant all along.
- Incongruent communication occurs when a person's words do not reflect what he or she is experiencing or thinking.
- Someone so upset that he or she is red in the face, for example, would respond, "Fine." to the question, "How are you?" The person is not in good health, so his or her response is not accurate. The individual's statements and deeds contradict each other.
Therefore, the correct answer is congruence.
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