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Option 2 : Appeal to unqualified authority

Appeal to Authority is a type of fallacy in which an authority's opinion on a subject is used as evidence to support an argument.

  • The appeal to authority has historically divided opinion:
    • it is classified as a non-fallacious argument as well as a fallacious argument in several sources and some believe it can be a powerful or at least valid defensible argument.
  • ​On the basis of differences there are different types of the Appeal to Authority are:
    • Legitimate Appeal to Authority
    • Appeal to Unqualified Authority
    • Appeal to Anonymous Authority
    • Appeal to Numbers
    • Appeal to Tradition
  • Appeal to Unqualified Authority: The Unqualified Authority Appeal may appear to be a legitimate Authority Appeal, but it is not. 
  • In this situation, the authority may be providing advice or testimony that is outside of their fields of knowledge. 
  • For example, famous Singer Himanshu says that Coffeehill chocolates are groovy.
    • ​In the above example, Singer is describing the Coffeehill chocolates as groovy which is advice or testimony that is outside of his field of knowledge. 

Thus, "Famous Singer Himanshu says that Coffeehill chocolates are groovy. We can only conclude that Coffeehill chocolates are groovy indeed", the fallacy committed is Appeal to unqualified authority.

  • Hasty Generalisation: Hasty generalizations relate to conclusions reached based on insufficient knowledge or when a logical path is reversed in any circumstance.
  • Slippery slope:  It acceptance of a series of events without direct evidence that they will occur. 
  • Missing the point: The informal fallacy of giving an argument that may or may not be logically acceptable and sound, but fails to address the subject in question.
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