Which of the following constitute the paralanguage in communication Code: (a) Pitch of the voice (b) Internal noise (c) External noise (d) Use of pause (e) Rate and volume of speech?

Option 3 : (a), (d) and (e)

Paralanguage refers to the non-verbal area of communication that emphasizes the use of body language and voice nuances to convey and express thoughts, feelings, and emotions. 

• It may be used consciously or unconsciously.
• Paralanguage involves pitch and tone of voice, accent, volume and speed of speech, use of pauses, body language.
• Sometimes it is restricted to vocally produced sounds only. 
• The study of paralanguage is known as paralinguistics. 

Thus, the pitch of voice, use of pause and rate, and volume of speech constitute the paralanguage in communication.

Internal noise:

• Internal noise, also called psychological noise, describes internal distractions that hinder communication.
• For example, internal noise like fear, depression, anger, or over excitement of the speaker may cause him or her to become muddled in communication, hence hindering understanding or clear speech.
• It does not involve any form of body language or voice nuances and is generally not expressed but is kept within oneself.

External noise:

• External noise often relates to the physical environment, such as a noisy room, as well as your physiological state.
• It does not form a part of paralanguage communication.