Option 1 : China
BRICS is the group composed of the five major emerging countries - Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa -, which together represent about 42% of the population, 23% of GDP, 30% of the territory, and 18% of the global trade.
- The first BRIC summit (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) happened in 2009, in Russia, in the city of Yekaterinburg. The summit opened the cooperation at the level of Heads of State and Government.
- In 2011, after the entry of South Africa, the "S" was added to the acronym and the grouping became known as BRICS.
| S.No. |
Year |
Country |
Description |
| 1 |
2009 |
Yekaterinburg, Russia |
- The meeting aimed at strengthening the coordination between the four countries on issues related to the reform of global governance, especially in the economic-financial field (G-20, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank).
|
| 2 |
2010 |
Brasilia, Brazil |
- In addition to defending issues related to the reform of the global financial system, the meeting's agenda included new topics of cooperation.
- During the meeting, BRIC leaders signed a cooperation agreement to facilitate the financing of energy and infrastructure projects.
|
| 3 |
2011 |
Sanya, China |
- BRICS countries reaffirmed the need for reform of global governance, including the Security Council.
- The document also mentions other topics such as
- economics and finance;
- condemnation of terrorism;
- encouragement to the use of renewable energy and the peaceful use of nuclear energy;
- commitment to the Millennium Development Goals and the eradication of hunger and poverty.
|
| 4 |
2012 |
New Delhi, India |
- The theme of the meeting was "BRICS partnership for global stability, security, and prosperity".
- In order to promote trade between BRICS countries, an agreement was signed to facilitate the granting of credit in local currency.
|
| 5 |
2013 |
Durban, South Africa, |
- The theme was "BRICS and Africa: Partnership for development, integration, and industrialization".
- The discussion was on inclusive and sustainable development and the reform of global governance institutions.
|
| 6 |
2014 |
Fortaleza, Brazil |
- The theme was “inclusive growth, sustainable solutions”.
- The main outcome of the meeting was the creation of the New Development Bank (NDB), with the aim of allocating resources for the financing of infrastructure and sustainable development projects in developing countries.
|
| 7 |
2015 |
Ufa, Russia |
- The theme "BRICS partnership - a driving force of global development”.
- The meeting was marked by the approval of the NDB and CRA constitutive agreements.
- "BRICS Economic Partnership Strategy", a roadmap for the diversification of trade and investment between member countries, was approved on this occasion.
|
| 8 |
2016 |
Goa, India |
- The theme was "Building up inclusive and collective solutions".
- The summit discussed global economic recovery, addressing issues such as fiscal and social responsibility, NDB institutionalization, investment attraction, counter-terrorism, and economic growth.
|
| 9 |
2017 |
Xiamen, China |
- The theme was "BRICS: Stronger partnership for a brighter future".
- The action plan to encourage innovation cooperation (BRICS Action Plan for Innovation Cooperation 2017-2020) was signed, as well as the creation of the BRICS Tuberculosis Research Network.
|
| 10 |
2018 |
Johannesburg, South Africa |
- The theme was "BRICS: collaboration for inclusive growth and shared prosperity in the 4th Industrial Revolution".
- At the summit, it was signed the agreement regarding the establishment of the Regional Office for the Americas of the New Development Bank, which will be located in São Paulo.
- The creation of the BRICS Innovation Network (iBRICS) was also approved.
|
| 11 |
2019 |
Brasília, Brazil |
|
Note: 12th BRICS Summit was planned to be hosted by Saint Petersburg, Russia (21–23 July 2020) but due to COVID-19 it has been postponed.
Hence, we can clearly infer that China hosted the BRICS National Security Advisors Meeting in 2017.
