Which of the following is incorrect about the description of the revolt of 1857 by various scholars?

Option 2 : Adam Smith - Extension of social progress the English had already initiated

Option 2 is NOT correct.

The 1857 revolt was an Extension of social progress the English had already initiated was said by Karl Marx and not Adam Smith. Hence Option is NOT Correct.

• The Indian Rebellion of 1857 has been variously termed as a war of independence, a rebellion, and a mutiny.
• Several Indian writers, who consider it as a part of the Indian independence movement that ultimately led to the country's independence in 1947, have termed it as "The First War of Independence", the "great revolution", the "great rebellion", and the "Indian freedom struggle".
• Several British writers, who view it as a military disturbance, have termed it as "sepoy revolt", "sepoy war", "Indian rebellion", and the "great revolt"
• Reese observed that the revolt was a ‘war against Christianity’. 
• Outram observed that the revolt was a ‘Muslim Conspiracy’ to overthrow the British from India.
• R. Holmes said that this revolt was a ‘clash of civilization and barbarians’.
• Benjamin Disraeli was the leader of the Conservative Party and opposition leader in the House of Commons.
  • He described the revolt of 1857 as ‘a national rising’
• Lawrence and Seeley had some coherence with the Indian viewpoint, especially with that of S.N. Sen, that it was a military revolt in the real sense.
• So, therefore out of the many viewpoints that we see, the Indian historians and British historians had different contexts of expression.