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Option 4 : 1, 2 and 3
The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3.
- The IceCube Neutrino Observatory or simply IceCube is the first detector of its kind, designed to observe the cosmos from deep within the South Pole ice. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
- An international group of scientists responsible for scientific research makes up the IceCube Collaboration. Approximately 300 physicists from 53 institutions in 12 countries make up the IceCube Collaboration.
- The University of Wisconsin–Madison is the lead institution, responsible for the maintenance and operations of the detector.
- The international team is responsible for the scientific program, and many of the collaborators contributed to the design and construction of the detector.
- Encompassing a cubic kilometre of ice, IceCube searches for nearly massless subatomic particles called neutrinos. Hence Statement 3 is correct.
- Neutrinos: These high-energy astronomical messengers provide information to probe the most violent astrophysical sources like exploding stars, gamma-ray bursts, and cataclysmic phenomena involving black holes and neutron stars.
- The Antarctic neutrino observatory, which also includes the surface array IceTop and the dense infill array DeepCore, was designed as a multipurpose experiment.
- IceCube collaborators address several big questions in physics, like the nature of dark matter and the properties of the neutrino itself. Hence Statement 2 is correct.
- IceCube also observes cosmic rays that interact with the Earth’s atmosphere, which have revealed fascinating structures that are not presently understood.
- Exciting new research conducted by the collaboration is opening a new window for exploring our universe.
- The National Science Foundation (NSF) provided the primary funding for the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, with assistance from partner funding agencies around the world.
- Funding Agencies in each collaborating country support their scientific research efforts.
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